Dose:   2.0 to 5.0 mg/kg/dose IV

Frequency:     Repeat Q 5 to 15 minutes, then 2 to 5 hours.

Comments: Diazoxide is a nondiuretic benzothiadiazide used to treat hypertension. An undesirable hypotension may result when diazoxide is used within six hours of other anti-hypertensive drugs. Diazoxide produces a prompt reduction in blood pressure by relaxing smooth muscle in the peripheral arterioles. Cardiac output is increased as the blood pressure falls. Because of its ability to rapidly lower the blood pressure, it is better to use "minidoses" repeated at frequent intervals when starting the drug to obtain a more gradual decline in the blood pressure. The serum half-life lasts up to 28 hours, however its antihypertensive effect usually lasts less than 12 hours. Diazoxide has also been used to treat hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. Further comments on diazoxide. 

Toxicity: Neonatal hyperglycemia, thrombocytopenia, & hyperbilirubinemia have been reported following intrapartum use of diazoxide. Interactions with propranolol and hydralazine may cause extreme hypotension. A rapid fall in blood pressure may also occur which would necessitate treatment with sympathomimetic agents. Other side effects noted have included hyperglycemia, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, and burning at the site of administration. Sodium and water retention have been associated with prolonged use (Roberts. Drug Therapy in Infants. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1984:179).

Preparation: Diazoxide (Hyperstat) is available in a 20 ml ampule containing 300 mg (15 mg/ml). Protect from light. Infuse over 30 seconds.

Compatibility: No information available on compatibility with TPN, filter, or other drugs.