Dose:    Apply topically

Comments: Povidone-iodine is capable of killing all classes of microbes: gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria (including antibiotic resistant strains and mycobacteria), fungi/yeasts, viruses, and protozoa. Resistance has not been reported. Most bacteria are killed rapidly in vitro; but to be certain it is effective, allow solution to dry on surface. Microbicidal activity is retained in the presence of moderate quantities of blood, pus, mucosal secretions, and soap and water. When used as a surgical scrub, the effect lasts for 6 to 8 hours. Betadine 10% has 1% available iodine. Since the iodine is slowly released from the complex solution over time, microbial killing is slow. Efficacy of skin disinfection (for blood cultures) is increased markedly if the Betadine scrub is preceded by an alcohol scrub which is allowed to dry before the Betadine is applied (Goldman. Transfusion 1997; 37:309). For external use only, though may be used to clean mucus membranes (mouth, throat, ulcers, etc). Wounds that are treated with Betadine solution or ointment may be covered or bandaged.

Toxicity: In some patients, the solution may be irritating, especially if left on skin surfaces for long periods of time. With extensive use, frequent use, or if not removed from skin surfaces, the iodine content of Betadine may be absorbed. This could potentially cause suppression of thyroid function.

Preparation: Povidone-iodine 10% (Betadine) is available as a solution and an ointment.  It is stable at room temperature. Not necessary to refrigerate before use, would be preferable to warm the solution slightly before extensive use on skin.