Comparison of Diuretics
Table 1.  Effects of Diuretics on Excretion of Electrolytes and Specific Ions1
   

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes and Specific Ions

Drug

 % FexNa2 Na Cl K HCO3 H2PO4 Ca Mg
Furosemide 20 to 25 VI VI I I I VI I
Hydrochlorothiazide 5 to 8 I I I VI I D I
Spironolactone 2 to 3 I I D NC NC I I
Acetazolamide 3 to 5 I NC VI VI VI I/NC I/NC
Glycerol > 10 I I I I I I I

   Key: VI = very increased; I = increased; D = decreased; NC = no change

    1 Modified from Chembot et al.   "Pharmacology of Diuretics in the Newborn." Pediatr Clin N A 1989; 36:1231-1250.

    2 Percent of fractional excretion of filtered sodium lost in the urine.

 
Table 2. Complications of Diuretics1
  Furosemide Thiazides Spirono-
lactone		 Acetazo-
lamide		 Glycerol
Volume depletion +++ ++ + - +++
Hypokalemia +++ ++ - + ++
Hyperkalemia - - ++ - -
Hyponatremia ++ +++ - - ++
Hyercalciuria ++ - - - +
Hypercalcemia - ++ - - -
Hyperuricemia ++ ++ - - -
Hypomagnesemia + + - - +
Hypophosphatemia + + - - +
Glucose tolerance - D -/D - -
Hyperlipidemia - + - - -
Alkalosis ++ ++ - - +
Acidosis - - + + -

    Key: + = presence of complication; - = absence of complication; D = decreased

    1 Modified from Chembot et al.  "Pharmacology of Diuretics in the Newborn." Pediatr Clin N A 1989; 36:1231-1250.
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